Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland

Catherine of Austria was one of the fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1553, she married Polish King Sigismund II Augustus and became Queen consort of Poland and Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania. Their marriage was not happy and they had no children together. After a likely miscarriage in 1554 and a bout of illness in 1558, Sigismund became increasingly distant. He tried but failed to obtain a divorce from the pope. In 1565, Catherine returned to Austria and lived in Linz until her death. Sigismund died just a few months after her, bringing the male line of the Jagiellon dynasty to its end. The dynasty would continue, strictly speaking, for one more reign—that of Sigismund Augustus’ sister, Anna Jagiellon, who was crowned with the male title of Rex Poloniae.

15 September 1533

Born on the same birth day (15 September): Al Casey (jazz guitarist) • Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien • Carmen Maura • Chic Harley • Ignazio Prota • Shōhei Imamura

Born in the same month (September 1533): Elizabeth I • Jacopo Zabarella • Stephen Báthory